Electric cars in winter - what you need to know so that the cold does not affect driving
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As the first snow falls in Lithuania, new electric vehicle (EV) owners begin to wonder how their EV will handle its first winter, what impact the cold and snow will have on the battery, and whether their daily routines will need to change. Let's discuss these questions. In short—yes, winter in our climate zone affects EV performance, particularly the range.
Driving range per charge is a key parameter for EV enthusiasts and buyers. However, cold winter air can influence this parameter as lithium-ion battery ions move less efficiently in low temperatures.
Cold weather also affects charging since your EV battery prefers a specific temperature range. In extremely cold conditions, the battery may need to warm up to enable faster charging. This means winter charging could take longer, requiring more time at charging stations, or you may need to leave with a less-than-full charge compared to summer.
Your EV’s Battery Management System (BMS) is designed to protect and optimize battery performance, even in extreme cold. However, you can also take steps to help. Here are some practical tips to make the most of your EV during the coldest months of the year.
Park Your EV in a Garage
Even traditional car owners know that winter is less harsh when their car is parked in a garage or covered structure.
In cold conditions, batteries discharge faster, even while stationary. A garage's warmth helps maintain battery charge and allows for quicker recharging when needed.
If you can choose between parking outdoors or in a garage, always select the garage during cold weather. Similarly, opt for charging stations in sheltered or covered areas rather than open-air locations.
Preheat Your EV in the Morning
Most EVs come with apps that let you preheat the car before you start your journey. Activating this feature will warm not only the cabin to your desired temperature but also the battery, improving its efficiency.
Many people charge their EVs overnight at home. Don’t worry—if your car is still connected to the power grid while preheating in the morning, it won’t disrupt the charging process.
Don’t Let Your EV Fully Discharge
Aside from avoiding the inconvenience of dealing with a dead battery, this is especially important in winter when cold accelerates discharge.
In extremely cold conditions, the BMS reserves about 15–20% of the battery’s capacity to maintain heat. Charging to at least 50% and never letting the battery drop below 15% ensures optimized operation and avoids unnecessary strain on the system.
Direct Heat to People, Not the Whole Cabin
Without an internal combustion engine, EVs lack the extra heat that typically helps warm the cabin.
Blasting heat on cold days drains the battery and reduces range. Instead, focus heat on the driver and passengers by adjusting air vents or using seat and steering wheel heaters. These consume less energy than heating the entire cabin.
Inflate Your Tires
This tip applies to all drivers. As temperatures drop, the air in your tires contracts, reducing pressure. Regularly check tire pressure to improve range during winter and ensure your EV drives with minimal resistance.
Use the ECO Driving Mode
Most EVs feature an "Eco Mode" that increases mileage and reduces energy consumption by limiting power to the motor and cabin heaters. This mode may result in slower acceleration but can make driving safer on icy or snow-covered roads.
Have you already spent a few winters with your EV and have additional tips? Share them with us!
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